refactor(infra): Restrukturierung Config-Ordner & Einführung von Docker-Profilen

Umfangreiches Refactoring der Projektkonfiguration zur klaren Trennung von Build-, Runtime- und Applikations-Logik.

Änderungen im Detail:
- Struktur: Neuorganisation des `config/` Verzeichnisses in logische Bereiche:
  - `config/docker`: Reine Infrastruktur-Configs (Postgres, Redis, Nginx, Monitoring).
  - `config/quality`: Statische Code-Analyse (Detekt, Lint).
  - `config/app`: Gemeinsame Spring-Boot-Konfigurationen.
- Docker Compose:
  - Einführung von Profilen (`infra`, `backend`, `ops`, `gui`, `tools`) für gezieltes Starten von Teilbereichen.
  - Anpassung aller Volume-Pfade auf die neue Struktur.
- Spring Boot Config:
  - Zentralisierung gemeinsamer Einstellungen (Datasource, Redis, JPA) in `config/app/base-application.yml`.
  - Parametrisierung der Hosts für nahtlosen Wechsel zwischen Docker und Localhost.
  - Bereinigung der service-spezifischen `application.yaml` Dateien (z.B. Ping-Service).
- Cleanup: Entfernen redundanter "Ghost-Files" (`versions.toml`, `central.toml`, `config/.env`), um eine echte Single Source of Truth (SSoT) zu gewährleisten.

config/docker/postgres/postgresql.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# PostgreSQL Configuration File
+# Optimized for Meldestelle application
+
+# Connection Settings
+listen_addresses = '*'
+max_connections = 100
+superuser_reserved_connections = 3
+
+# Memory Settings
+# These will be overridden by environment variables in docker-compose.yaml
+shared_buffers = 256MB                  # min 128kB
+work_mem = 16MB                         # min 64kB
+maintenance_work_mem = 64MB             # min 1MB
+effective_cache_size = 768MB
+
+# Write-Ahead Log (WAL)
+wal_level = replica                     # minimal, replica, or logical
+max_wal_size = 1GB
+min_wal_size = 80MB
+wal_buffers = 16MB                      # min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers
+checkpoint_completion_target = 0.9      # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0
+random_page_cost = 1.1                  # For SSD storage
+
+# Background Writer
+bgwriter_delay = 200ms
+bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100
+bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0
+
+# Asynchronous Behavior
+effective_io_concurrency = 200          # For SSD storage
+max_worker_processes = 8
+max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 4
+max_parallel_workers = 8
+max_parallel_maintenance_workers = 4
+
+# Query Planner
+default_statistics_target = 100
+constraint_exclusion = partition
+
+# Logging
+log_destination = 'stderr'
+logging_collector = off
+# log_directory = 'log'
+# log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'
+log_truncate_on_rotation = off
+log_rotation_age = 1d
+log_rotation_size = 100MB
+log_min_duration_statement = 250ms      # Log slow queries (250ms or slower)
+log_checkpoints = on
+log_connections = on
+log_disconnections = on
+log_lock_waits = on
+log_temp_files = 0
+log_autovacuum_min_duration = 250ms
+log_line_prefix = '%m [%p] %q%u@%d '
+
+# Autovacuum
+autovacuum = on
+autovacuum_max_workers = 3
+autovacuum_naptime = 1min
+autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50
+autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50
+autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.05
+autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.025
+autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 20ms
+autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = 2000
+
+# Statement Behavior
+search_path = '"$user", public'
+row_security = on
+
+# Client Connection Defaults
+client_min_messages = notice
+statement_timeout = 60000               # 60 seconds, prevents long-running queries
+lock_timeout = 10000                    # 10 seconds, prevents lock contention
+idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = 600000  # 10 minutes, prevents idle transactions
+
+# Disk
+temp_file_limit = 1GB                   # Limits temp file size
+
+# SSL
+ssl = off
+ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on
+
+# Performance Monitoring
+track_activities = on
+track_counts = on
+track_io_timing = on
+track_functions = pl                    # none, pl, all
+track_activity_query_size = 2048